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40.31H593.927c-22.263 0-40.311-18.047-40.311-40.31V147.302c0-22.263 18.048-40.31 40.31-40.31zM730.22 920.502H623.926c-40.925 0-74.22-33.388-74.22-74.425V623.992c0-41.038 33.387-74.424 74.425-74.424h222.085c41.038 0 74.424 33.226 74.424 74.067v114.233c0 10.244-8.304 18.548-18.547 18.548s-18.548-8.304-18.548-18.548V623.635c0-20.388-16.746-36.974-37.33-36.974H624.13c-20.585 0-37.331 16.747-37.331 37.33v222.086c0 20.585 16.654 37.331 37.126 37.331H730.22c10.243 0 18.547 8.304 18.547 18.547 0 10.244-8.304 18.547-18.547 18.547z"></path></g></svg><ul class="categories-wrapper"><li class="category clickable" role="navigation">计算机书籍</li><meta property="articleSection" content="计算机书籍"></ul></span><!----><span class="date-info" arialabel="写作日期📅" isoriginal="false" pageview="false" color="false"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon calendar-icon" viewbox="0 0 1024 1024" arialabelledby="calendar"><title id="calendar" lang="en">calendar icon</title><g fill="currentColor"><path 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class="icon word-icon" viewbox="0 0 1024 1024" arialabelledby="word"><title id="word" lang="en">word icon</title><g fill="currentColor"><path d="M518.217 432.64V73.143A73.143 73.143 0 01603.43 1.097a512 512 0 01419.474 419.474 73.143 73.143 0 01-72.046 85.212H591.36a73.143 73.143 0 01-73.143-73.143z"></path><path d="M493.714 566.857h340.297a73.143 73.143 0 0173.143 85.577A457.143 457.143 0 11371.566 117.76a73.143 73.143 0 0185.577 73.143v339.383a36.571 36.571 0 0036.571 36.571z"></path></g></svg><span>约 2241 字</span><meta property="wordCount" content="2241"></span></div><hr></div><div class="toc-place-holder"><aside id="toc-list"><div class="toc-header">此页内容</div><div class="toc-wrapper"><ul class="toc-list"><!--[--><li class="toc-item"><a aria-current="page" href="/books/cs-basic-coureses.html#通用课" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active toc-link level2">通用课</a></li><ul class="toc-list"><!--[--><li class="toc-item"><a aria-current="page" href="/books/cs-basic-coureses.html#数学" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active toc-link level3">数学</a></li><!----><!--]--><!--[--><li class="toc-item"><a aria-current="page" href="/books/cs-basic-coureses.html#英语" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active toc-link level3">英语</a></li><!----><!--]--></ul><!--]--><!--[--><li class="toc-item"><a aria-current="page" href="/books/cs-basic-coureses.html#编译原理" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active toc-link level2">编译原理</a></li><!----><!--]--></ul></div></aside></div><!----><div class="theme-hope-content"><!--[--><h2 id="通用课" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#通用课" aria-hidden="true">#</a> 通用课</h2><p>通用课的部分我想分为两大部分来介绍，主要就是数学和英语，一般在大一和大二两学年就可以全部修完，大二大三逐渐接触专业课。通用课作为许多高中生升入大学的第一门课，算是高中阶段到本科阶段的一个过渡，从职业生涯重要性上来说，远不及专业课重要，但是在本科阶段的学习生活规划中，有着非常重要的地位。由于通用课的课程多，学分重，占据了本科阶段绩点的主要部分，影响到学生在前两年的专业排名，也影响到大三结束时的推免资格分配，也就是保研。而从升学角度来看，对于攻读研究生和博士生的小伙伴来说，数学和英语这两大基础课，还是十分有用的。</p><h3 id="数学" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#数学" aria-hidden="true">#</a> 数学</h3><h4 id="微积分-高等数学" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#微积分-高等数学" aria-hidden="true">#</a> 微积分（高等数学）</h4><p>微积分，即传说中的高数，成为了无数新大一心中的痛。但好在，大学的课程考核没那么严格，期末想要拿高分，也不至于像高中那样刷题刷的那么狠。微积分对于计算机专业学生的重要性，主要体现在计算机图形学中的函数变换，机器学习中的梯度算法，信号处理等领域。</p><p>微积分的知识体系包括微分和积分两部分，一般会先学微分，再学积分，也有的学校把高数分为两个学期。微分就是高中的导数的升级版，对于大一萌新来说还算比较友好。积分恰好是微分的逆运算，思想上对大一萌新来说比较新，一时半会可能接受不了。不过这门课所有的高校都有开设，而且大部分的名校都有配套的网课，教材也都打磨的非常出色，结合网课和教材的“啃书”学习模式，这门课一定不会落下。</p><p>书籍的话，推荐《普林斯顿微积分读本》。这本书详细讲解了微积分基础、极限、连续、微分、导数的应用、积分、无穷级数、泰勒级数与幂级数等内容。</p><p><img src="https://guide-blog-images.oss-cn-shenzhen.aliyuncs.com/github/javaguide/booksimage-20220409155056751.png" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><h4 id="线性代数-高等代数" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#线性代数-高等代数" aria-hidden="true">#</a> 线性代数（高等代数）</h4><p>线性代数的思维模式就更加复杂了一些，它定义了一个全新的数学世界，所有的符号、定理都是全新的，唯一能尝试的去理解的方式，大概就是用几何的方式去理解线性代数了。由于线性代数和几何学有着密不可分的关系，比如空间变换的理论支撑就是线性代数，因此，网上有着各种“可视化学习线性代数”的学习资源，帮助理解线性代数的意义，有助于公式的记忆。</p><p><img src="https://guide-blog-images.oss-cn-shenzhen.aliyuncs.com/github/javaguide/booksimage-20220409153940473.png" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><p>书籍的话，推荐中科大李尚志老师的 <strong><a href="https://book.douban.com/subject/26390093/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">《线性代数学习指导》<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a></strong> 。</p><p><img src="https://guide-blog-images.oss-cn-shenzhen.aliyuncs.com/github/javaguide/booksimage-20220409155325251.png" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><h4 id="概率论与数理统计" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#概率论与数理统计" aria-hidden="true">#</a> 概率论与数理统计</h4><p>对于计算机专业的小伙伴来说，这门课可能是概率论更有用一点，而非数理统计。可能某些学校只开设概率论课程，也可能数理统计也教，但仅仅是皮毛。概率论的学习路线和微积分相似，就是一个个公式辅以实例，不像线性代数那么抽象，比较贴近生活。在现在的就业形势下，概率论与数理统计专业的学生，应该是数学专业最好就业的了，他们通常到岗位上会做一些数据分析的工作，因此，<strong>这门课程确实是数据分析的重要前置课程，概率论在机器学习中的重要性也就不言而喻了。</strong></p><p>书籍的话，推荐 <strong><a href="https://book.douban.com/subject/34897672/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">《概率论与数理统计教程》<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a></strong> 。这本书共八章，前四章为概率论部分，主要叙述各种概率分布及其性质，后四章为数理统计部分，主要叙述各种参数估计与假设检验。</p><p><img src="https://guide-blog-images.oss-cn-shenzhen.aliyuncs.com/github/javaguide/booksimage-20220409155738505.png" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><h4 id="离散数学-集合论、图论、近世代数等" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#离散数学-集合论、图论、近世代数等" aria-hidden="true">#</a> 离散数学（集合论、图论、近世代数等）</h4><p>离散数学是计算机专业的专属数学，但实际上对于本科毕业找工作的小伙伴来说，离散数学还并没有发挥它的巨大作用。离散数学的作用主要在在图研究等领域，理论性极强，需要读研深造的小伙伴尽可能地扎实掌握。</p><h3 id="英语" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#英语" aria-hidden="true">#</a> 英语</h3><p>英语算是大学里面比较灵活的一项技能了，有的人会说，“英语学的越好，对个人发展越有利”，此话说的没错，但是对于一些有着明确发展目标的小伙伴，可能英语技能并不在他们的技能清单内。接下来的这些话只针对计算机专业的小伙伴们哦。</p><p>英语课在大学本科一般只有前两年开设，小伙伴们可以记住，<strong>想用英语课来提升自己的英语水平的，可以打消这个念头了。</strong> 英语水平的提高全靠自己平时的积累和练习，以及有针对性的刷题。</p><p><strong>英语的大学四六级一定要过。</strong> 这是必备技能，绝大部分就业岗位都要看四六级水平的，最起码要通过的。四级比高中英语稍微难一些，一般的小伙伴可能会卡在六级上，六级需要针对性的训练一下，因为大学期间能接触英语的实在太少了，每学期一门英语课是不足以保持自己的英语水平的。对于一些来自于偏远地区，高中英语基础薄弱的，考四六级会更加吃力。建议考前集中训练一下历年真题，辅以背一下高频词汇，四六级通过只需要 425 分，这个分数线还是比较容易达到的。稍微好一点的小伙伴可能冲一下 500 分，要是能考到 600 分的话，那是非常不错的水平了，算是简历上比较有亮点的一项。</p><p>英语的雅思托福考试只限于想要出国的小伙伴，以及应聘岗位对英语能力有特殊要求的。雅思托福考试裸考不容易通过，花钱去比较靠谱的校外补课班应该是一个比较好的选择。</p><p>对于计算机专业的小伙伴来说，英语能力还是比较重要的，虽然应聘的时候不会因为没有雅思托福成绩卡人，但是你起码要能够：</p><ul><li><strong>熟练使用英文界面的软件、系统等</strong></li><li><strong>对于外网的一些博客、bug 解决方案等，阅读无压力</strong></li><li><strong>熟练阅读英文文献</strong></li><li><strong>具备一定的英文论文的撰写能力</strong></li></ul><p>毕竟计算机语言就是字符语言，听说读写中最起码要满足<strong>读写</strong>这两项不过分吧。</p><h2 id="编译原理" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#编译原理" aria-hidden="true">#</a> 编译原理</h2><p>编译原理相比于前面介绍的专业课，地位显得不那么重要了。编译原理的重要性主要体现在：</p><ul><li>底层语言、引擎或高级语言的开发，如 MySQL，Java 等</li><li>操作系统或嵌入式系统的开发</li><li>词法、语法、语义的思想，以及自动机思想</li></ul><p><strong>编译原理的重要前置课程就是形式语言与自动机，自动机的思想在词法分析当中有着重要应用，学习了这门课后，应该就会发现许多场景下，自动机算法的妙用了。</strong></p><p>总的来说，这门课对于各位程序员的职业发展来说，相对不那么重要，但是从难度上来说，学习这门课可以对编程思想有一个较好的巩固。学习资源的话，除了课堂上的幻灯片课件以外，还可以把 《编译原理》 这本书作为参考书，用以辅助自己学不懂的地方（大家口中的龙书，想要啃下来还是有一定难度的）。</p><p><img src="https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/20210406152148373.png" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><p>其他书籍推荐:</p><ul><li><strong><a href="https://book.douban.com/subject/30191414/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">《现代编译原理》<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a></strong> ：编译原理的入门书。</li><li><strong><a href="https://book.douban.com/subject/20436488/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">《编译器设计》<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a></strong> ： 覆盖了编译器从前端到后端的全部主题。</li></ul><p>我上面推荐的书籍的难度还是比较高的，真心很难坚持看完。这里强烈推荐<a href="https://www.icourse163.org/course/HIT-1002123007" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">哈工大的编译原理视频课程<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a>，真心不错，还是国家精品课程，关键还是又漂亮有温柔的美女老师讲的！</p><p><img src="https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/20210406152847824.png" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><!--]--></div><!----><footer class="page-meta"><div class="meta-item edit-link"><a href="https://github.com/Snailclimb/JavaGuide/edit/main/docs/books/cs-basic-coureses.md" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank" arialabel="编辑此页" class="nav-link label"><!--[--><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon edit-icon" viewbox="0 0 1024 1024" 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